Thursday, February 21, 2013

Word 2: Today you will be with me in paradise.

Luke 23:43 “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
Theme: Life after death

The second word of Jesus from the cross is addressed to one of the two thieves who were executed with him.  This thief recognized who Jesus was and asked to be remembered when Jesus came into his kingdom.  Jesus responds with the promise that indeed he will be with Jesus in Paradise after his death.  Let us now turn to our discussion this week in which we reflect on “Paradise” and also our own resurrections, which we will see, together constitute life after death.

What do you think popular culture believes about life after death?
Answers will range from reincarnation; everyone goes to heaven; total annihilation or escape into nothingness,; the good people (which everyone seems to be when they pass away) go to heaven to be with God for all eternity, while those who are evil go to hell; some people become angels and watch over those they left behind; or maybe just an image of harps, clouds, and singing comes to mind.


What about Christianity, what do Christians believe or are supposed to believe?
The answers will of course overlap with what our culture believes, but an emphasis will be placed on eternal heaven for those who follow Christ and eternal punishment for those who don’t.  Interestingly, if resurrection isn’t brought up before the question, does it come to mind?  Does the average Christian think in terms of resurrection when we contemplate life after death? A point of emphasis in both what Jesus says to the thief on the cross and in the passage we will look at in John is that we will be with Jesus after we die.  Jesus says, “you will be with me!”

Before we go any farther, a word needs to be said about “Paradise.” In the Old Testament and in the New, Paradise refers to a garden, just like we would imagine.  It is used only 3 times in the New Testament, each time to refer the place where God is. (Here in Luke, 2 Cor. 12:4, Rev. 2:7) It had also taken the notion of being a return to the Garden of Eden as the primordial and perfect Garden.  Paradise was also seen around the time of Jesus as a temporary place for the righteous dead before the resurrection.[1] This idea might sound strange, but look at another teaching of Jesus from John 14:1-6.

1 “Do not let your heart be troubled; believe in God, believe also in Me. In My Father’s house are many dwelling places; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. If I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you to Myself, that where I am, there you may be also. And you know the way where I am going.” Thomas *said to Him, “Lord, we do not know where You are going, how do we know the way?” Jesus *said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father but through Me.
John 11:24 the story of Lazarus: “Martha said to Him, “I know that he will rise again in the resurrection on the last day.” 25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life; he who believes in Me will live even if he dies, 26 and everyone who lives and believes in Me will never die. Do you believe this?”

You might be familiar with the King James Version of these verses, in which “dwelling places” is translated as “mansions.”  Mansion comes from the Latin Vulgate, the biblical text of the Church for over a thousand years.  In the Roman world, a mansion was a stopping place on the Roman road for officials or those on official business to rest on their journey.  In Greek the word is “mone,” which was also used to describe a temporary place.[2]  Mone were tents which soldiers pitched on their marches.

If we believe that our “dwelling places” and Paradise is temporary, what does that say about the afterlife?  What is the Resurrection, not just of Jesus but our own?
Jesus didn’t talk about the resurrection much.  It is not surprising because he disciples couldn’t even understand that he was going to suffer and die, or that that Jesus himself was going to rise again.  Thus, Jesus didn’t really teach his disciples that they also would rise again at the last day.  Paul on the other hand spends some time, especially in 1 Cor. 15.  We are focusing on this series on the teachings and life of Jesus, but this chapter is crucial to understanding what are own resurrection will be.  Paul makes the point that we only have the hope of our own resurrection because Jesus himself was raised from the dead.  He was the “firstfruits” of which we will follow.  Thus, just as Jesus was bodily raised, so will we.  Also, like Jesus there will be both continuity and discontinuity with our bodies. Jesus’ scars were present and he was sometimes recognizable, yet he could also walk through walls, was sometimes unrecognizable, and ultimately disappeared into heaven, God’s space, at his ascension. 

Concluding thoughts:
So what? Does an understanding of the resurrection or an afterlife at all matter to us in our daily lives?
1. God is with us, in this life and the next.  In both of our readings tonight the primary emphasis is that we will be with Jesus.  This provides hope to us in the midst of lives trials and hardships.
2. The resurrection implies that the body, earth, and creation are not bad and will not be destroyed.  This means that in eternity we will not be disembodied souls floating around in heaven, but in the resurrection we will be matter or physical. See both Rom. 8 and Rev. 21-22 for examples of the redemption of all creation.  In Romans the whole earth is somehow redeemed through humanities salvation.  In Revelations, the image is of new heaven and new earth and Jerusalem is descending to earth to bring God’s reign here.
3. Somehow our work here matters.  It is a mystery, but the work we do here today in this life will last into eternity.  The conclusion to Paul’s extended discussion of our own resurrections is to say, “Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain in the Lord.” (1 Cor. 15:58) He doesn’t say because we are leaving this earth we can sit back and relax or what for the new creation, rather he tells us to continue God’s work, because it isn’t in vain.

Deeper thinking:
If time allows, or as a follow up study, explore Paul’s teaching in 1 Corinthians 15 concerning the resurrection.  The physical resurrection of the righteous was not a foreign concept to the people in Jesus’ or Paul’s day. (see for example what Martha says in John 11:24.)

Further reading:
N.T. Wright, Surprised by Hope
C.S. Lewis, The Great Divorce
See page 155 N.T. wright for differences between “physical” and “spiritual” bodies in 1 Cor. 15:44.
Luke 24:41-43 Jesus eats with disciples after resurrection.


[1] William R. Goodwin, Jr., “Paradise,” in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, 1008-1009.
[2] N.T. Wright, Surprised by Hope, 41.

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